Underground bio-methanation: Concept and potential

Rapid bio-methanation of syngas in a reverse membrane bioreactor: membrane encased microorganisms.

The performance of a novel reverse membrane bioreactor (RMBR) with encased microorganisms for syngas bio-methanation as well as a co-digestion process of syngas and organic substances was examined. The sachets were placed in the reactors and examined in repeated batch mode. Different temperatures and short retention time were studied. The digesting sludge encased in the PVDF membranes was able ...

Bio-calculus: Its Concept and Molecular Interaction.

The way for expressing biological systems is a key element of usability. Expressions used in the biological society and those in the computer science society have their own merits. But they are too different for one society to utilize the expressions of the other society. In this paper, we design the bio-calculus that attempts to bridge this gap. We provide syntax which is similar to convention...

Rapid Bio-methanation of Syngas by High Cell-density in Reverse Membrane Bioreactors

An Earth Heat Sink Concept for Underground Power Sources

The possibility of using an earth heat sink to absorb the waste heat from an underground power plant operating in a closed cycle was investigated. Preliminary calculations based upon a transient heat conduction analysis were carried out to determine the order of magnitude of dimensioas of the required heat sink. The calculations have shown that earth heat sinks may be practical and that they sh...

Underground metabolism: network-level perspective and biotechnological potential.

A key challenge in molecular systems biology is understanding how new pathways arise during evolution and how to exploit them for biotechnological applications. New pathways in metabolic networks often evolve by recruiting weak promiscuous activities of pre-existing enzymes. Here we describe recent systems biology advances to map such 'underground' activities and to predict and analyze their co...